Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron and carbon, with carbon content typically ranging from 0.02% to 2.14% by weight. The microstructure and resulting mechanical properties of steel are governed by its chemical composition and the thermal processing it undergoes. The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram
Steel Metallurgy: Properties, Specifications, and Applications
Steel’s widespread use stems from its exceptional range of properties. Steel specifications typically evaluate and guarantee the following characteristics:
Complete Guide to Steel Metallurgy: Properties, Specifications, and Applications Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron
): An iron carbide compound containing 6.67% carbon. It is extremely hard and brittle.
Steel is broadly classified into groups based on chemical composition, standard grading systems, and targeted performance metrics. 1. Major Steel Categories Divided into low carbon ( C), medium carbon ( C), and high carbon (
Machinery parts, tool making, and heavy equipment. API 5L line pipe steels
The stress level at which a material exhibits permanent plastic deformation.
Magnetic, lower corrosion resistance than austenitic, but highly resistant to stress corrosion cracking (e.g., Grade 430).
: Provides technical background on international standards, metallurgy, and mechanical properties such as creep, graphitization, and fatigue specifically for carbon steels. Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S32205).
): Improves strength at high temperatures and creep resistance. Microstructure
The capacity to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing, often evaluated using the Charpy V-notch impact test. Physical and Thermal Properties Density: Generally around
The capacity of the steel to deform under tension without fracturing, essential for forming and safety in construction.
ASTM A106, API 5L, Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S32205).
API 5L line pipe steels, ASTM A516, Duplex 2205, Stainless Steel 316L. Key Requirements: Resistance to sour gas ( H2Scap H sub 2 cap S